Academic Integrity Essay Example for Free

Academic Integrity EssayAndre Gide once said Be faithful to that which exists within yourself. That is, even if cheating does not have others, it hurts the iodine who cheats. This is the meaning of integrity. It means acting in a way of which one can be proud. This concept can easily be employ to academics. Specifically, it is important to generate your own ideas and information rather than using the internet to do all of the thinking for you.This is the problem with modern students rather than actually sacking to the library to do some traditional research using books (the publication of which requires heavy scrutiny), the come student prefers to Google the information (the publication of which requires nothing more than internet access). Thus, students often find themselves in a position where their academic integrity is called into question it is far too easy to copy and paste information when one feels a great deal of stress to complete an assignment. When it comes to academics, modern students should strive to have more integrity.See more Unemployment problems and solutions essayMore often than not, the average student seeks an immediate answer by going into Google and asking it a question. This passes for research today. The trouble with this method is that, once an obstacle is encountered, the average student declares, I could not find any research on my subject. Beyond the fact that the research skills are poor, the next issue is the fact that, once the student finds research, he or she does not know what to do with the information. That is, there appears to be no attempt at explaining the significance of the research, or asking substantial questions in rejoinder to it. Rather, students will copy the information into their own assignments as if to say, There Ive written a research paper because I did research and I inserted it into my paper. This is where academic integrity comes in.Having academic integrity means that one does research pro perly. It means that one actively seeks out answers to questions, and goes beyond the surface of what one found. One does not simply collect information and ideas like a child collects rocks for display one makes an honest attempt to get to the bottom of an issue, so to speak. Furthermore, academic integrity means that, when submitting ones work, one always ensures that proper credit is given for all ideas and information that were not generated by the writer himself or herself.I implore you to consider the academic value of the research you are doing. Are you doing it to better yourself and demonstrate your learning? Are you being faithful to that which exists within yourself as Gide asks? Or are you simply taking a shortcut and shortchanging yourself?

Impact Of The Studio System On Filmmaking

Impact Of The studio ap artificement System On FilmmakingExamine the extent to which the Hollywood studio system nurtured or inhibited the mechanicry of choose makers.This essay allow be analysing to what extent the studio system has helped or possibly hindered the aesthetic reputation and view of filmmakers. The studio system undersurface be defined under the idea that the studio owns and asserts all aspects of the film creation. The largest and most prominent studios at this age were Warner Brothers, Paramount and MGM, they had final say over all decisions to do with the film (Filmsite, 2010). The Studio system was at its most prominent in the 1950s later on having dominated the market from the 1920s to the 1940s, they made the final decision on all aspects of the film, and choose who they wanted to direct the film this coach would be devoted clear guidelines and orders to happen when creating the film.During the 1950s there started to emerge in Europe a belief that film should be more than just a narration on the screen and that it was in detail an art form. This idea of the director taking checker over the film to adopt their own version, to envision how they mat up about the film carries into the theory of authorship. Authorship is when a creator of something puts their own stamp on what they are producing, from telling the story in a assorted way to shooting the film in a different style. The idea of authorship is seen in some(prenominal) texts over the centuries like Shakespeares Hamlet, where Hamlet speaks to the audience and in Jane Eyre when the main character addresss the reader in the first person. This idea is related to filmmakers because a film adopts the idea of literacy theory.During the 1950s a group of film critics in France created a magazine called Cahiers Du Cinema, to celebrate the film maker within the system, and to champion the cause of authorship. (Versobooks, 2009) From this the idea of Auteurism was born, whe reby the director was presumptuousness the control of the film making cognitive operation to create their vision for the film. This theory is born out of the idea that film is art, and non just about making m one and only(a)y, as was the conception to be the inclination of the studio system during this time. The resulting flow of privately created artistic films that were created in Europe in this period, was known under the title of The French New Wave. This gained more impulsion due to the magazine set up by Banzin, Chabrol, Truffaut, Rohmer and Godard, due to the growing idea of film as art through the theory of Autuerism. (Suite101, 2008) The French impertinently beat was about legitimising cinemas as an art form, they believed that the idea of authorship was about the notion of a inventive person, you are responsible for what you create and it will show in your art. They wanted to make films that were different from what most studios allowed. Most studios just made film s that were based on novels and stories.A medium in which and by which an artist can contain his thoughts, be they abstract or whatever, or in which he can communicate his obsessions as accurately as he can today in essay or novel(Unattributed B, 2010 1)The French new wave believed that the director should be seen as a chief source of creativity, they believed that the idea the director comes up with has a huge impact on the film.It could be argued, that the Hollywood studio system has always tried to nurture the artistry of film makers, because even though the idea of film makers universe seen as the director emerged slowly, studios did begin to see that directors has specialities in certain music genres, and allowed them to build on that genre. John get across was best known for his westerns, and Alfred Hitchcock was best known for his horror and suspense stories, this idea grew and allowed directors to grow in their own right.After the idea of the French new wave hit American it brought thought to studios, and they began to consider whether or not film should be seen as an art form. T.W. Griffiths film Birth of a Nation, was one of the early films that made studios question film as an art. His film brought the beginning to the golden age of Hollywood cinema, it shows that filmmakers tend to use film to make a agitate about what is going on at the time.Like Griffith many cinematic historians have examined stories from the past to suggest lessons concerning modern day controversies.(Toplin, R B, 1940 18)The ideas that the Hollywood studios allowed the ontogenesis of creativity of film makers, is easy to see because, the auteur theory expresses the belief that a creative personality can surface through unpromising studio material, and in the end they make it their own. A film is seen as being unique because it does something only a film can do, it is an art form that can express a moment in time, and this idea is in addition called the holy moment.The i dea of the auteur theory began to emerge from this, and it expressed a belief that some Hollywood directors could constitute their material to something that meant something to them.It sought to establish individual creativity as the source of value in Hollywood( Maltby, R, 2003 46)the idea of the film maker being creative soon followed, and studios began to develop, with each studio having specialities like directors, MGM was good at creating musicals like singing in the rain, Warner brothers was good at making gangster film.One main person who believed that film makers like directors should be acknowledged more in a film is Alexandre Astruc, he was a film critic who was born in France and he argued that certain directors used the camera like a pen.The images themselves add nuance and develop the narrative as oft as the dialog does(Unattributed C, 2010 1) use this idea and looking at American directors, it could be argued that as well as film makers being seen as authors with a c reative process, there is an artistic value that results from their ideas and thoughts, allowing them to creatively express their imagination.The ideas of a film maker being creative, is all about whether they can create something amazing from not much that is given to them, and allowing themselves to fashion within the studio system.Sometimes auteurism is identified within specific genres and is linked to specialisation each director has reoccurring elements that is found in all films they make. Alfred Hitchcock is one of the directors who makes each of his films with similar elements, and whose name always comes up when talking about auteur theory. His films are suspense films that keep audiences on their seats. Hitchcocks success didnt come from the type of genre the film was in.The skill which he exhibited in the filmmaking i.e. his treatment of the subject in terms of the shots he uses and how he combines them(Unattributed D, 2010 1)However on the other hand it could also be a rgued that the Hollywood studio inhibited the artistry of film makers because, most film makers really only do what studios tell them, most work they do has to be checked by someone higher. The whole idea that Hollywood wanted to produce product not art is common because, under the studios rule the director is mainly a person hired to do what they want, he just puts the camera in the right place. Singing in the rain is a prime example of the way Hollywood saw its actors, directors etc, they were just hired.The ideas of auteur theory being a celebration of a directors freedom cant be tacit by everyone because, it isnt just one person that works on a film it is a variety of people.More than one person will work on a film, so what makes the director more worthy of praise than, say, the scriptwriter or the camera operators?(Unattributed A, 2007 1)Whether a film maker is creative or not in their film making process, may not even matter due to the fact that everyone sees things differentl y, what the person feels is not always what the audience sees.Due to the fact that films are made by studios, and the director isnt always the dominant one, most try to go independent but lose because, equipment used to make and produce films was expensive and not widely available. The idea of the independent American auteur is rare however, they do exist and they try to create a film that is away from the control of the studio system.Independent filmmaking consists of low-budget projects made by (mostly) young filmmakers with a strong personal vision away from the influence and pressures of the few major conglomerates that control tightly the American film industry(Daisies, G, 2010 1)Independent film makers do work for studios as directors/ writers, and even actors for hire, just to make money to fund their project. Orson rise up is one of the film makers who pushed away from the studio system to make something he wanted. Welles embodies the concept of the tragic artist, he does e verything an ideal film maker should do, he acts, writes, to raise money, but making his films he becomes a suffering artists. He wrote and starred in Citizen Kane which was about an investigation into the life of newspaper tycoon Charles boost Kane. Orson Welles did make many films after Citizen Kane, but his success in making independent films was very expensive and so he didnt make many big budget films, after twenty years in the studio he made another independent film called chimes at midnight.The luxuriantest, most totally realized expression of everything Welles had been working toward since Citizen Kane.(Unattributed E, 2010 1)No matter the financial problems at the end, Orson Welles remains the ideal film maker who fought against the studio systems control.In last it is hard to try to discover whether or not the Hollywood studio system nurtured or inhibited the artistry of film makers, no matter how much the directors/film makers are seen as creative, most of them all ar e contracted by the studios. Followers of the French New Wave movement argue that, the studio system does hinder a director, as they think that films should be art and should be a representation of the directors views, and emotion towards the script. According to (Alfred Hitchcock Auteur?, 2010) the idea behind the auteur director are done in terms of personal vision, the recurring themes, even a defined view of the world, and a degree of control over production,In auteur films, it is the director who controls the artistic statement, takes credit for the film and is responsible for attracting the audience.(Unattributed F, 2010 1)Alfred Hitchcock was a major example of seeing a director as a auteur, as his films follow the necessary needs taking up by the French new wave, they have reoccurring themes which are done by a personal vision of his and will even shock audiences. So looking at American directors it is common to see that each one has a creative way to express their imaginati on.Studios end-to-end the 50s and onwards always had some control over the films production, when a director is hired and given a clear set of rules and guidelines to follow, and is not given full control of all aspects of the film, (such as stars of the film, setting or style) then they cannot possibly make their mark on the film. This may well be the case that the Studio system does hinder a director, and stop him from being an artist, but maybe this is not what the public want from films. This can be seen in the current concomitant we have where, although previously widely thought to be a hindrance to directors and their artistry, the studio system period is now being heralded in the media and by the public as the golden age of cinema. The idea of authorship takes hold in the film industry after the 1950s when film was seen as art not entertainment, however Hollywood had been in an era of a golden age, there reign caused many problem and in 1948 the US department of justness s ued the major studios for anti competitive practices.No longer could the film industry control (or monopolize) all aspects of film production, distribution and exhibition(Kliedie, 2007 1)It seems that regardless of whether or not the studio system affects the artistry of filmmakers, it is now becoming more popular again, and some of the films from this period that are used to stereotype the studio system, are being heralded as classic films. So it would seem that despite films not being creative art and having complete authorship from the director, the mass public does not seem to mind watching studio system type films.

History Of What Is Crime Criminology Essay

History Of What Is Crime Criminology EssayWhat is detestation. Many people when asked this question assume its a frequent sense answer, somewhatthing that is seemed wrong or unlawful and results in punishment of some form. However there is no simple answer to this question. According to the Oxford dictionary umbrage is defined as an typifyion or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law, thence in its simplest form crime is a punishable act of which runs the rules of the law. However the concept of crime is surrounded by constantly changing ideas and perceptions of what constitutes criminal behaviour. Crime is always socially defined leading to competing views and extensive debate. In this essay I will be focusing on defining crime in monetary value of legal definitions and in any case defining crimes in terms of sociological definitions, which can be argued to be the main to focuses when attempting to answer this question.Blackburn (1993) defines crime as acts attracting legal punishment, they be offences against the community. Crimes result with consequences that are damaging in some way to the community or one of more people within it. These consequences can range from trivial to severe. Blackburn recognizes that crimes are, in theory, generally disapproved by the entire of order of magnitude as they often involve violating moral rules held by those members of society, he besides notes some of the difficulties and limitations of this way of defining crime. For example, personal opinion will impact the definition of crime. Not all crimes are disapproved by all people, e.g. speeding. This is a criminal act but does not have a wide-spread social disapproval. Secondly, whilst the vast absolute absolute majority of criminal acts such as murder violate societies moral rules, acts that are part of a bigger picture do not such as possession of a banned drug for personal use, these crimes can be termed victimless crimes. These crim es are illegal in the UK but there is not a hand understanding of which, if any, moral codes they violate. This leads me on to the question of whether crime, although its primarily defined by the law, is it not in addition based on social and cultural factors (social and cultural norms and values)?In our society it is the legal system that defines which acts are criminal and which are not. A crime cannot be committed unless the act violates the law. In the UK the legal system follows a tradition of a crime has not been committed unless there is a guilty act, an act that is voluntarily carried out with a guilty mind and an design to commit the act. Therefore in theory if the act has not been intentionally chosen then it is not a crime. It can be argued that there is an surmisal that criminal acts are systematically arranged in law the law has been created, policed and enforced by the UK state. Crime in terms of the legal system is acts which break the law of the land, as demonstr ated by the Oxford English Dictionary definition.The legal definition of crime is a very weighted argument, however many a(prenominal) also argue that in order to define crime we rely on existing social and cultural norms which are accepted in society. The definition of crime is dependent on it as it effects our own interpretation of what crime is. Social and cultural factors are constantly evolving and changing. They are not static and this therefore makes them susceptible to changes which inevitably affect the definition of crime. For example, the 1604 Witchcraft Act. This law stated that those who had been accused of witchcraft were burnt at the stake if the cases were petty treason, however with the majority of cases resulting in hanging or a year in prison if the individual committed unless a minor offence. This act was repealed in 1951 in Britain. However, a clear example of how social and cultural factors impact the law is the fact that in Africa, the witchcraft ban in Zimb abwe only ended in 2006. Therefore, on the one hand crimes are acts that break the law, and on the other, they are acts which can offend against a set of norms like a moral code, this is also known as the normative definition of crime. Cultures change and the political environment changes with that which means societies may criminalise or decriminalise trustworthy behaviours. This will also have an impact on crime rates which will then also inevitably influence the general public opinion of crime. In the UK attack is a definite Invasion of our social norms, values and rights as an individual. Rape is not accepted in any case. However in South Africa a survey by CIET found that 60% of both boys and girls, aged 10 to 19 age old, thought it was not violent to force sex upon somebody they knew, while around 11% of boys and 4% of girls admitted to forcing someone else to have sex with them. The study also found that 12.7% of the students believed in the virgin cleansing myth (an human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS positive male believing that having sex with a virgin girl will cure him of his disease). In the culture these children have been socialised into, these are their own social norms and opinions that are accepted in their society, in the UK and in fact in the majority of other countries and cultures around the world this behaviour would be seen as illegal, horrific and completely wrong.A final impact on our norms and behaviour is religious traditions that may promote these norms. The may, in turn clash or fit with perceived interests of a state. Many socially accepted or even imposed religious morality has influences on issues that may otherwise only have concerned each individuals conscience. There are many activities that are sometimes criminalized on religious grounds, for example alcohol-consumption and abortion. However although these may be beliefs of certain religious followers, in societies where religion has less power and impact on the legal syst em both these acts are legal and widely accepted.So what a crime is depends on whether you view it from a legal or a normative perspective. There is no simple, fixed, objective definition of crime it is not a simple matter. Crimes are defined by societies and by culture and the time that we live in. For example, it would not have been a crime one hundred years ago to not pay your TV licence in the UK, because there was no TV. In Victorian pharmacies, cocaine was sold, but today this would be considered illegal in most countries. So what we view as a crime depends on how crime is viewed, time, particular society and the culture. Society is constantly evolving and changing on with social values, beliefs and norms. This process will inevitably have an impact on what constitutes a crime and how crime is in general defined. Although there are many problems with defining crime, this shouldnt overshadow the fact that the purpose of the law to reinforce the punishment of crime is clear, it is there to protect the public, this could in itself contribute to defining crime.

Slavery: Affecting Every Party Involved Essay example -- Literary Anal

Slavery was the greatest atrocity committed to a human being in America. The Fires of Jubilee a book written by Stephen B. Oates, helps further this argument with gruesome details of the atrocious and brutal practice of thraldom. It describes the long marching hours, the lost of dignity and destruction of the opportunity to self improve. Slaves were obligate to toil the scorching fields for countless of hours in their lives without a chance of improving their occupation, social status or how they lived their lives. The brutalization that knuckle downs had to endure is more sheer than brutalization suffered by the slave-owners. Fredrick Douglas stated At this moment, I saw more clearly than ever the brutalizing effect of slavery upon both the slave and the slave owner. It seems that slavery was advantageous to slave owner. This is far from the truth. Slavery caused slave owners to degrade into brutes after being brutalized by the evil of slavery. The validity of Fredrick Douglas s statement is unquestionably accurate. The nigh evident type of suffering slaves had to go through was the brutal physical burden placed on the shoulders of slaves. The great amount of intense and exhausting work led to many slaves in consequence of being over-worked, and I was sick a long time. (Bailey 356). Many slaves were force to work so much that their bodies could non take the physical toll anymore. While they were sick, they were finally allowed much needed rest, but immediately after they got better they would be put to work erst again. One of the main tasks slaves were forced to do was picking cotton. They picked until their shoulders and fingers ached to the bone (Oates 22). Slaves also had to endure brutal and typically unwarranted physical a... ...h pens and ledger books moved sight the line, examining slave and animal alike and assigning each a value (Oates 30). Even though tremendously rare, there was also brutal violence committed by the slaves against their sl ave owners. Filled with rage and longing for revenge some, though very few, slaves poisoned their slave holders food, killing them. Secondly there was at least one slave insurgence. The most brutal and ghastly one was Nat Turners rebellion. During Nat Turners rebellion many atrocities occurred against white slave owners. One of these killings included slaves hacking Joseph and sally both to pieces, bringing his ax down again and again (Oates 70).The brutal effects slavery had on African American slaves were wretched. Slaves were born human beings, but deprived of their supposedly unalienable right and treated as though they were brutes.

Be The Best You Can Be :: Philosophy of Education Statement Teaching Essays

Be The Best You Can Be A person begins to learn from the moment they enter the earth and do not peak learning until they die. As an educator I feel it will be my job to teach my students to be self-motivated learners. Eventually my students will have to learn mod skills in jobs and in life without a teacher there to guide them. In my elementary classroom creating self-motivated learners will be my ultimate determination. In array to do this I will have to use a variety of teaching philosophies and approaches, effective classroom management, and I will have to build relationships with my students. I would describe my teaching philosophy as eclectic. I find that components of the five major philosophies, essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism, fit into how I feel about teaching. The essentials such as compliments for each other and the basic subjects, such as reading and math, are very important to me as a teacher. I ndividuality, active participation, cooperative learning and growing social skill are some of the progressive ideas I will use in my classroom. For my students to become self-motivated learners they will need to be able to reason, as suggested in perennialism. Reasoning will help them to work through problems and make decisions. Existentialism states that students should accept responsibility for their actions and should be self-paced. These ideas are important to my philosophy of self-motivated learners because my goal will be to create students who can do what this philosophy states. Behaviorism supports the use of positive and negative reinforcement, both of which I believe will be essential to my classroom. These five theories put together describe my eclectic teaching philosophy. I believe that using a variety of teaching approaches and methods will be crucial in classroom. America is a very diverse country that is home to many different types of people, th erefore, I except for my classroom to be fully diverse also. With many different types of people there will be come many different types of learning styles. And of course my class will take on children with learning disabilities and with the movement of full inclusion, my class will contain students with other types of disabilities.

Online Communities - Chat Rooms and Discussion Boards Essay example --

Online Communities - Chat Rooms and Discussion BoardsTo those who shake up never experienced an online community they may seem pointless, a nurture of time or simply childish. However, for those that have expanded beyond the traditional means of communication such as, talking on the teleph matchless or conversing face-to-face, online communities plead a new and exciting means of communication. They offer a chance to meet others, gain advice, voice an opinion, defend an argument, or to simply relax and have a little fun. Ac whopledging both points of view, I decided to explore the world of online communities for myself. For my online community I decided to enter a Yahoo, country music, chat room. by means of Yahoo, there were many different chat rooms you could enter ranging from sports, to current events. However, I choose to enter the country music room beca do I have listened to country music all my life and I thought who I would best relate to those that would be in a country music room. indoors the country music topic there were fourteen different rooms I choose room four because it contained the most great deal 44 active agent members. Therefore, I assumed that it would be the most active. Inside the chat room I was surprised at what I found. The first thing that I observe was the names of the chatters. Each had some sort of country name such as, rodeocowgirl or bullridingcowboy. While looking through the conversations that were occurring I noticed that no one was discussing country music. In fact, the entire time I was in the chat room the topic rarely even appeared. I tried writing a post that verbalize, Does anyone know who sang the song Thunder Rolls? About five minutes later, I received a response that said Garth ... ...meone could become obsessed. Everyone seemed to know each other so well and it seemed as if chatting through this chat room was their way of socializing. Granted these individuals were not gaining an educational aspect from the chat room, however, they were gaining a sense of being part of something. They could express feeling, express viewpoints, vent anger or simply socialize with out being judged. No matter what was said within the chat room participants returned the next day eager to socialize. Chatting online is a huge part of these peoples lives online communities are their source of interaction. Some people value face-to-face communication and some turn to more recent forms of technology. In my opinion your communication selection should fit your own personal needs. You should use whatever source you find most convenient, efficient, and comfortable.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of International Law Essay -- Internation

Even after decades of relatively established pattern for the relations between the rural areas there is still an ambiguity on the issue of state sovereignty. To which extent its violation could be justified? In the study of International Relations there are two major perspectives on the legitimacy of such(prenominal) actions, they are liberal and realist. Whilst former advocates for this measures when the state itself violates human rights of the citizens and extended intervention is required (Kegley, 259), latter claims that the state sovereignty is the central assumption of this theoretical mannikin (Kegley, 28) and the actions that might infringe it are not legitimate. 2011 military intervention in Libya, intended to cease Gaddafis regime (UNSC), can demonstrate both of these perspectives. Moreover, it particularly highlights the presence of peacemaking actors responsibility to protect the human rights of civilians. Nevertheless, both realist and liberal perspectives include th e legitimacy of violation of the state sovereignty and at the same time pause illegitimacy of this issue.The liberal theory emphasises the importance of non-state actors such as the political institutions, Non government activityal Organisations (NGOs), Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) in world politics decision-making. All of them should act according to the public worldwide law which regulates the government-to-government relationships (Kegley, 400). Thus, when Libyan government started to suppress the riots and demonstrations of civilian population by the military means the international community became cautious about the outcomes of such policies (UNSC). Moreover, when the government failed to respond for the calls to stop the violence, the response of the Un... ...ng of international laws efficiency. Works CitedAllen, Peter. France Stops All Italian Trains Carrying North African Immigrants. The Telegraph. 17 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .Iran Profile. BBC News. BBC, 03 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .Kegley, Charles W., and Gregory A. Raymond. The Global Future A Brief Introduction to World Politics. 4th ed. Belmont, CA Wadsworth, 2011. Print.Schenk, Caress. Politics of Global Security Liberal alternatives. Lecture notes. 17 Apr. 2012. unify Nations Security Council. Security Council Report. Rep. United Nations, 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .